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The first Cumann na nGaedhael was founded by Arthur Griffith in 1904 . In 1905 it merged with a number of other parties to form the original Sinn Féin.
Pro-Treaty Cumann na nGaedhael
The second Cumann na nGaedhael was formed by pro-treaty Sinn Féin TDs in Dáil Éireann in Dublin in April 1923 and was largely centre right in outlook. The leadership of the pro-treaty Sinn Féin group included Arthur Griffith, Michael Collins and W.T. Cosgrave. Cosgrave and Griffith had been part of the orginal dual monarchist Sinn Féin while Collins rose quickly through its ranks after 1916. Griffith and Collins died during the early stages of the Irish Civil War leaving Cosgrave to lead the pro-treaty faction.
The idea for the new party arose in late December 1922 but its formal launch was delayed until April 1923 as a direct consequence of the turmoil caused by the civil war. It had as its core element the pro-treaty section of Sinn Féin returned in the 1922 general election.
The party contested its first general election in 1923 and won 63 seats. It's leader was W.T. Cosgrave . Until 1932 Cumann na nGaedhael formed the Government of the Irish Free State with Cosgrave as President of the Executive Council.
Clann na Talmhan (literally meaning "Party of the Land")
Clann na Talmhan was founded in 1938 in Athenry, County Galway, its chief aim to give a parliamentary voice to the farmers of Ireland. The party's other objectives included the promotion of the interests of small farmers, call for government support for land reclamation, lowering of taxes on farmlands and more intensive afforestation. The party was founded and led by Galwayman Michael Donnellan.
Clann an Talmhan first entered national politics when it contested the 1943 General Election. On that occasion the party won 14 seats, however this was reduced to 11 the following year. Donnellan resigned as leader following the election and was replaced by Joseph Blowick. The party became a prominent member of the first inter-party government (1948-1951). The party also went on to become a member of the second inter-party government, with both Blowick and Donnellan reprising their ministerial roles.
The party began to lose its position after being in government, as people again began to vote for the main parties of Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael. When Donnellan died in 1964, his son ran, and was elected for Fine Gael. Blowick decided not to contest the 1965 General Election, and the existence of the party came to an end.
The National Labour Party was a splinter group of the Labour Party which left the party over as they felt it was being subverted by the hard left.
The party was founded on January 7, 1944 by five TDs who had left the Labour Party and was led by James Everett.
The NLP sought to portray itself as a nationalist Labour party, catholic and opposed to socialism.. The party won 4 seats in the 1944 General Election, polling 2.7% of the vote while Labour with 8.8% of the vote secured 8 seats. In the 1948 General Election the NLP won 5 seats with 2.6% of the vote as against 14 seats for Labour with 8.8% of the votes cast.
It joined the First Inter-Party Government in 1948, which also included the Labour Party, with Everett serving as Minister for Posts and Telegraphs.